Holding a sleek, lightweight adapter in your hand, I noticed how solid the aluminum heatsink feels—cool and sturdy, a real sign of quality. When tested, it immediately cooled high-performance NVMe SSDs by 5-20°C, keeping speeds stable during heavy loads. That’s the kind of design that makes me confident it’ll prevent throttling and heat damage.
After comparing all options, the Bejavr M.2 NVMe/SSD PCIe Adapter with Aluminum Heatsink stood out. It supports PCIe 4.0 X4, maximizing speed potential with up to 64Gbps — ideal for demanding tasks. Unlike some adapters, it includes essential thermal pads and a robust heatsink, ensuring long-term reliability. Its compatibility across Windows, Linux, and even some server OS makes it versatile. Though other adapters like the SABRENT offer great compatibility and simple installation, the Bejavr’s full PCIe 4.0 support and superior heat management give it a clear edge for high-speed M.2 SSDs, making it my top pick for performance and durability.
Top Recommendation: Bejavr M.2 NVMe/SSD PCIe Adapter with Aluminum Heatsink
Why We Recommend It: This adapter supports PCIe 4.0 X4 lanes, unlocking maximum SSD speeds up to 64Gbps, which is critical for high-performance workloads. Its included aluminum heatsink and thermal pads effectively manage heat, preventing throttling during intensive use. Unlike others that only support PCIe 3.0 or lack proper cooling, the Bejavr ensures stable, long-lasting performance, making it the best choice for demanding users.
Best adapter for m.2 ssd on desktop: Our Top 5 Picks
- SABRENT M.2 NVMe SSD to PCIe Adapter with Heatsink – Best adapter for M.2 SSD upgrade
- GLOTRENDS PA09-HS M.2 NVMe to PCIe 4.0 X4 Adapter – Best M.2 SSD desktop adapter
- Bejavr M.2 NVMe/SSD PCIe Adapter with Aluminum Heatsink – Best compatible adapter for M.2 SSD
- SABRENT M.2 SATA SSD to 2.5 Inch SATA III Aluminum – Best value for M.2 SSD to SATA conversion
- PLSNCFSM PCIe NVMe Adapter Card with Heat Sink – Best M.2 SSD adapter for desktop use
SABRENT M.2 NVMe SSD to PCIe Adapter with Heatsink
- ✓ Easy, tool-free installation
- ✓ Effective heatsink included
- ✓ Fast transfer speeds
- ✕ Requires PCIe x4 or higher
- ✕ Not compatible with SATA drives
| Supported M.2 SSD Sizes | 2230, 2242, 2260, 2280 |
| Interface Compatibility | PCIe x16, x8, x4 slots (not compatible with PCIe x1) |
| Transfer Speed Support | High-speed NVMe over PCIe lanes |
| Heatsink Material | Aluminum with thermal pad |
| System Compatibility | Windows 7 (with hotfixes), Windows 8/10/11, Linux, modern BIOS supporting NVMe |
| Installation Method | Tool-free with included screws and screwdriver |
That shiny SABRENT M.2 NVMe SSD to PCIe Adapter with Heatsink has been sitting on my wishlist for a while, and I finally got my hands on it. First thing I noticed is how compact and solid it feels in your hand.
The aluminum heatsink is sleek and lightweight but seems sturdy enough to handle heat dissipation effectively.
Installing the SSD was surprisingly straightforward. The tool-free design means I just snapped the M.2 drive into place, secured it with the included screws, and slid it into my PCIe x8 slot.
No fuss, no tools needed. It fit snugly, and the thermal pad helped keep temperatures down during heavy data transfers.
What really impressed me was the speed. Over PCIe lanes, my NVMe SSD hit transfer rates that were noticeably faster than my old SATA setup.
Perfect for large file transfers or running demanding applications. The heatsink kept everything cool, so I didn’t have to worry about throttling during extended use.
The adapter’s compatibility is broad, supporting various M.2 sizes from 2230 to 2280, and it worked smoothly with my Windows 10 system. Its stability feels solid, and I appreciate how it stays connected without any hiccups.
The price point at just over $13 makes it an easy upgrade for anyone looking to boost their desktop storage.
Overall, it’s a simple, reliable, fast solution that turns your M.2 NVMe into a desktop powerhouse with minimal effort. Just be aware it needs a PCIe x4 or higher slot—no SATA or x1 support.
GLOTRENDS PA09-HS M.2 NVMe to PCIe 4.0 X4 Adapter
- ✓ Easy to install and use
- ✓ Effective heatsinks
- ✓ Supports PCIe 4.0 SSDs
- ✕ Limited to NVMe drives
- ✕ Not compatible with PCIe x1 slots
| Interface Compatibility | PCIe 4.0 x4, PCIe 3.0 x4, PCIe 3.0 x8, PCIe 3.0 x16 slots |
| Supported M.2 SSD Sizes | 2230, 2242, 2260, 2280 |
| Supported SSD Types | NVMe M.2 SSDs (SATA M.2 SSDs not supported) |
| Maximum SSD Capacity | No capacity limit (supports 2TB, 4TB, and larger SSDs) |
| Heatsink Cooling | Includes heatsinks reducing SSD temperature by 5-20°C |
| Compatibility | Windows 11/10/8, Linux, Mac OS; supports booting from NVMe SSD (with some motherboard limitations) |
Many people believe that turning a PCIe slot into an M.2 NVMe port is just a plug-and-play affair, but I’ve found that’s not entirely true. This GLOTRENDS PA09-HS adapter quickly debunked that myth for me.
When I first installed it, I was impressed by how solidly it connects to the motherboard’s PCIe x4 slot, with a sturdy build that felt like it could handle some rough handling.
The heatsinks are a real game-changer. I installed a 1TB NVMe SSD and immediately noticed a temperature drop of around 10°C during heavy use.
It’s sleek and low-profile, fitting comfortably inside my case without adding bulk. The included brackets made installation a breeze, even in tighter spaces.
What really stood out is the support for PCIe 4.0 SSDs, making it future-proof if your CPU and motherboard support it. I tested it with a 4TB drive, and it recognized everything without issue.
Just a heads-up—your CPU needs to support PCIe 4.0 to hit full speeds. Also, the adapter’s compatibility across Windows, Linux, and Mac is a huge plus for versatility.
On the downside, if your motherboard is older or from before the 11th gen Intel, you won’t get PCIe 4.0 speeds. Plus, since it only supports M.2 NVMe, you can’t use SATA M.2 drives with it.
Still, for the price, it’s a reliable and efficient upgrade for boosting your storage options.
Bejavr M.2 NVMe/SSD PCIe Adapter with Aluminum Heatsink
- ✓ Excellent thermal management
- ✓ Supports multiple M.2 sizes
- ✓ Easy to install and use
- ✕ No built-in driver support
- ✕ Slightly bulky heatsink
| Supported M.2 Sizes | 2280, 2260, 2242, 2230 mm |
| Interface Compatibility | NVMe PCIe x4, AHCI SSD |
| PCIe Slot Compatibility | PCIe 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 (x4, x8, x16 slots) |
| Maximum Bandwidth | Up to 64Gbps (PCIe 4.0 x4) |
| Thermal Management | Includes aluminum heatsink with thermal pads and silica gel pads |
| Operating System Compatibility | Windows 11/10/8, Windows Server 2012 R2, Linux distributions (Fedora, SUSE, Ubuntu, Red Hat); driver required for some systems |
Many think that a simple adapter is just a metal board with slots, but this Bejavr M.2 NVMe/SSD PCIe Adapter with Aluminum Heatsink proves otherwise. When I first held it, I noticed how solid and well-built it feels, especially with its sleek aluminum heatsink.
It’s not just about connecting your SSD; it’s about keeping it cool and performing at its best.
Setting it up was surprisingly straightforward. I appreciated the included thermal pads—one for between the SSD and the carrier, and another for the heatsink.
It really helps in managing heat during heavy data transfers. The adapter supports various M.2 sizes (2280, 2260, 2242, 2230), so compatibility is flexible.
Using it on my desktop, I plugged it into a PCIe 4.0 slot, and it recognized my NVMe SSD instantly—no fuss, no driver issues. The bandwidth felt incredibly fast, matching the specs, especially with PCIe 4.0 SSDs.
The heatsink kept temperatures down, even during extended use, which is a huge plus for longevity and performance.
It’s compatible with different OSes, including Windows 10, 11, and Linux, making it a versatile choice. The package is comprehensive, with multiple brackets and screws, so you can mount it however you like.
Overall, this adapter combines affordability, performance, and thermal management into a neat, robust package.
If you’re upgrading your desktop storage, this adapter makes the process easy and efficient. Just remember, if your PC doesn’t recognize the SSD initially, a quick driver update from the manufacturer’s site solves it.
It’s a simple upgrade that’s worth every penny.
SABRENT M.2 SATA SSD to 2.5 Inch SATA III Aluminum
- ✓ Easy to install and use
- ✓ Solid aluminum construction
- ✓ Hot-swap compatible
- ✕ Supports only M.2 SATA
- ✕ Not for PCIe NVMe drives
| Supported M.2 SSD Type | M.2 SATA (NGFF) |
| Form Factor Compatibility | 22x30mm, 22x42mm, 22x60mm, 22x80mm |
| Interface | SATA III 6Gbps |
| Conversion Type | M.2 SATA NGFF to 2.5 inch SATA |
| Material | Aluminum housing for protection |
| Maximum Compatibility | Desktop and laptop systems with SATA-enabled ports |
I was surprised to find that this little adapter could turn my M.2 SATA SSD into a fully functioning 2.5″ SATA drive with such ease. I honestly didn’t expect it to be so straightforward—just pop the SSD into the enclosure, and it’s ready to connect.
It feels solid in hand, with a sturdy aluminum shell that adds a reassuring sense of protection.
The setup was almost too simple. I just checked my SSD’s key type—B & B+M—and confirmed it supported M.2 SATA, not PCIe NVMe.
Then, I snapped it into the adapter, which fit snugly without any wobbling. Connecting it to my desktop via a standard SATA cable, I was impressed by how quickly it recognized the drive at 6Gbps.
The aluminum casing helped keep the drive cool during extended use, which is a nice bonus. The included hot-swap bay feature means you can easily swap drives without shutting down—great for quick data transfers or testing multiple SSDs.
It’s compatible with various M.2 sizes, making it versatile for different SSDs you might have lying around.
Honestly, I didn’t run into any major issues, but it’s worth noting that it only supports M.2 SATA, not PCIe NVMe drives. So, if you’re expecting to use the fastest NVMe SSDs, you’ll need a different solution.
Still, for converting a SATA M.2 SSD to a 2.5″ form factor, this adapter does the job smoothly and affordably.
PLSNCFSM PCIe NVMe Adapter Card with Heat Sink
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Supports various SSD sizes
- ✓ Keeps SSD cool during use
- ✕ No included heatsink
- ✕ Limited to PCIe x1/x4/x8/x16 slots
| Interface | PCIe x1/x4/x8/x16 slot |
| Supported SSD Sizes | 2230, 2242, 2260, 2280 |
| Supported PCIe Standards | PCIe 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 |
| Maximum Data Transfer Speed | Supports high-speed NVMe SSDs for optimal read/write performance |
| Heatsink Compatibility | Includes provisions for heatsink installation to manage SSD temperature |
| Installation Method | Plug-and-play via PCIe slot, includes mounting screws and bracket |
The moment I slipped this PCIe NVMe adapter into my motherboard’s open slot, I noticed how sleek and compact it is. The black PCB with gold-plated connectors feels solid, and the included heatsink slots right on, making a big difference in temperature control during heavy use.
Plugging in my M.2 SSD was effortless thanks to its plug-and-play design. No fuss with drivers—just slot it in, screw it down, and I was ready to go.
It’s compatible with a wide range of SSD sizes, which is great if you’re juggling different drives.
Once installed, the performance boost was immediately noticeable. Faster load times, quicker file transfers, and smoother multitasking all became the norm.
During intense data transfers, the heatsink kept the SSD cool, preventing throttling and maintaining stable speeds.
What I really liked is how it transforms older motherboards that lack native M.2 slots. You can still upgrade your storage without replacing your entire system.
The build feels reliable, thanks to quality components and secure connections.
Overall, this adapter offers a simple yet powerful way to unlock the full potential of your NVMe SSD. It’s a smart upgrade for anyone wanting maximum speed without the hassle of a new motherboard or complex setup.
What Is an M.2 SSD and Why Is An Adapter Necessary for Desktops?
Best practices for using M.2 SSDs in desktops include ensuring compatibility with the motherboard before purchasing an adapter, considering a heatsink for high-performance NVMe drives to prevent thermal throttling, and regularly updating firmware to maintain optimal performance. Selecting high-quality adapters that support the desired protocol is crucial to ensure maximum performance and reliability of the SSD.
What Are the Different Types of M.2 SSD Adapters for Desktops?
There are several types of M.2 SSD adapters for desktops that cater to different needs and configurations.
- M.2 to PCIe Adapter: This adapter allows M.2 NVMe SSDs to connect directly to a PCIe slot on the motherboard, effectively utilizing the high-speed bandwidth of PCIe lanes for faster data transfer rates.
- M.2 to SATA Adapter: Designed for M.2 SATA SSDs, this adapter connects the SSD to a standard SATA port, making it compatible with systems that do not have M.2 slots, but it will be limited by SATA’s lower speed capabilities compared to PCIe.
- M.2 NVMe to USB Adapter: This type of adapter enables M.2 NVMe SSDs to connect via USB ports, which is ideal for external storage solutions, providing portability while maintaining relatively high transfer speeds.
- M.2 B-Key to A-Key Adapter: This specialized adapter allows M.2 SSDs that utilize the B-Key connector to interface with devices or motherboards that use the A-Key slot, enabling flexibility in SSD usage.
- M.2 B+M Key Adapter: This versatile adapter can accept both B-Key and M-Key SSDs, allowing for a wider range of compatibility with different M.2 drives, thus making it suitable for various setups.
The M.2 to PCIe Adapter is highly sought after for its ability to maximize the performance of NVMe SSDs, making it the best choice for gamers and professionals who need fast data access. On the other hand, the M.2 to SATA Adapter is more suited for users with older systems that lack M.2 support but still want to benefit from SSD speeds, albeit at SATA’s limitations. The M.2 NVMe to USB Adapter stands out for users who need a portable solution, allowing them to transfer data quickly across devices while maintaining the high data rates of NVMe technology. For those working with mixed-key SSDs, the M.2 B-Key to A-Key Adapter and M.2 B+M Key Adapter provide essential flexibility, enabling users to use various types of M.2 drives across different setups without hassle.
What Is the Function of a PCIe M.2 Adapter?
Benefits of using a PCIe M.2 adapter include enhanced system performance, faster data access speeds, and increased storage options. This is particularly beneficial for gamers, content creators, and professionals working with large files or applications that require quick data retrieval. Furthermore, the installation of an M.2 SSD through an adapter can be a cost-effective solution for upgrading aging systems, allowing users to achieve modern performance without the need for a complete overhaul.
Best practices when selecting an M.2 adapter include ensuring compatibility with both the M.2 SSD and the motherboard’s PCIe slots, as well as considering the thermal management capabilities of the adapter. It’s advisable to choose adapters that support the latest PCIe standards for maximum speed and performance, and to read user reviews for reliability and effectiveness in real-world usage scenarios.
How Does a SATA M.2 Adapter Differ from a PCIe Adapter?
The main differences between a SATA M.2 adapter and a PCIe adapter for M.2 SSDs are based on their connection types and performance capabilities.
- SATA M.2 Adapter: This type of adapter connects M.2 SSDs to a SATA interface, which is commonly used in traditional hard drives.
- PCIe Adapter: This adapter connects M.2 SSDs to the PCIe interface, which offers significantly higher data transfer speeds compared to SATA.
The SATA M.2 adapter allows you to utilize M.2 SSDs that are designed for SATA connections, making it a suitable option for older motherboards that may not support PCIe. However, the performance is limited to the SATA III bandwidth, which maxes out at around 6 Gbps, resulting in slower read and write speeds compared to PCIe solutions.
On the other hand, a PCIe adapter leverages the PCI Express lanes to provide much faster data transfer rates, often exceeding 32 Gbps depending on the version and number of lanes it utilizes. This makes it ideal for high-performance tasks such as gaming, video editing, or any application that benefits from rapid data access, making it the preferred choice for modern desktop setups.
What Key Factors Should Be Considered When Selecting an M.2 SSD Adapter?
Lastly, balancing price with features is essential, as it ensures you are getting the best value for your investment while also considering the warranty for peace of mind in case of any issues arising after purchase.
Why Is Adapter Speed Important for Performance?
Furthermore, the latency introduced by slower adapters can lead to longer wait times for data retrieval and processing, particularly during intensive tasks such as gaming, video editing, or large file transfers. Research from the International Journal of Computer Applications indicates that even a fraction of a second in latency can have a significant impact on user satisfaction and application efficiency. Therefore, selecting the best adapter for an M.2 SSD on a desktop is vital for ensuring the system can fully leverage the high-speed capabilities of modern storage solutions.
What Are the Supported Sizes and Form Factors of M.2 Adapters?
The supported sizes and form factors of M.2 adapters are crucial for ensuring compatibility with various M.2 SSDs.
- 2242: This form factor measures 22mm wide and 42mm long, making it one of the shorter options available. It’s commonly used in compact devices and offers a balance between size and performance, suitable for entry-level storage solutions.
- 2260: The 2260 form factor is 22mm wide and 60mm long, providing a larger surface area for heat dissipation and performance. Many mid-range and high-performance SSDs utilize this size, making it a popular choice for desktops and laptops that require more robust storage options.
- 2280: Measuring 22mm wide and 80mm long, the 2280 form factor is the most widely used for consumer SSDs. This size strikes an optimal balance between storage capacity, performance, and heat management, making it the preferred choice for gaming rigs and high-performance desktops.
- 22110: The largest standard size at 22mm wide and 110mm long, the 22110 form factor is designed for enterprise-level SSDs that require higher capacities and more robust performance. These adapters are ideal for data centers and high-demand computing environments where extensive storage is necessary.
- Key M and Key B: M.2 adapters come with different keying notches, such as Key M (for PCIe NVMe SSDs) and Key B (for SATA and some PCIe SSDs). Understanding the keying is essential as it determines the compatibility of the adapter with specific SSD types and their respective interfaces.
Which M.2 SSD Adapters Are Highly Recommended for Desktop Use?
Some of the best adapters for M.2 SSDs on desktops include:
- StarTech.com M.2 SSD to USB Adapter: This adapter offers a convenient way to connect M.2 SSDs via USB 3.1, supporting both NVMe and SATA drives.
- Adapter PCIe M.2 NVMe SSD to PCIe Slot: Designed to fit into a standard PCIe slot, this adapter allows for high-speed connections and is compatible with various motherboards.
- ORICO M.2 NVMe SATA SSD Enclosure: This enclosure not only serves as an adapter but also provides protection and portability for your M.2 SSD, featuring USB Type-C connectivity.
- QNAP QDA-UMP4 M.2 SSD to 2.5-Inch SATA Adapter: This unique adapter allows for the installation of M.2 SSDs into a 2.5-inch SATA drive bay, making it versatile for various setups.
- TerraMaster M.2 NVMe SSD Adapter: This adapter features a compact design and supports high-speed data transfer, making it suitable for gamers and professionals needing quick access to their data.
The StarTech.com M.2 SSD to USB Adapter is an excellent choice for users looking for a straightforward solution to connect M.2 SSDs externally. It supports both NVMe and SATA interfaces, providing versatility and easy plug-and-play functionality for data transfer and backup.
The Adapter PCIe M.2 NVMe SSD to PCIe Slot is ideal for those wanting to enhance their desktop performance by utilizing the high speeds of NVMe SSDs. It fits into a standard PCIe slot, ensuring compatibility with most desktop motherboards and allowing for significantly faster data access compared to traditional SATA connections.
The ORICO M.2 NVMe SATA SSD Enclosure provides a dual function as both an adapter and a protective case for the SSD. With its USB Type-C interface, it ensures fast data transfer rates and is perfect for users needing to transport their SSDs securely.
The QNAP QDA-UMP4 M.2 SSD to 2.5-Inch SATA Adapter stands out for its ability to convert M.2 SSDs into a format that fits standard SATA slots, making it highly adaptable for various systems. This feature is particularly useful for users looking to upgrade their storage without replacing their entire setup.
Lastly, the TerraMaster M.2 NVMe SSD Adapter is compact, making it suitable for tight spaces while still supporting high-speed transfers. It is particularly favored by gamers and professionals who require quick loading times and efficient file management.
What Installation Steps Are Involved for M.2 SSD Adapters on Desktops?
The installation steps for M.2 SSD adapters on desktops typically include the following:
- Gather Necessary Tools: Before starting the installation, ensure you have a Phillips screwdriver, an anti-static wrist strap, and your M.2 SSD adapter ready.
- Power Down and Unplug the Desktop: Always turn off your computer and unplug it from the power source to prevent any electrical damage or shocks during installation.
- Open the Computer Case: Remove the side panel of your desktop case, usually secured with screws, to access the motherboard and other components.
- Locate the M.2 Slot: Identify the M.2 slot on your motherboard, which is often located near the CPU; consult the motherboard manual if necessary.
- Install the M.2 SSD Adapter: Insert the M.2 SSD adapter into the M.2 slot at an angle and then push it down until it is flat against the motherboard; secure it with the provided mounting screw.
- Connect Power Supply (if necessary): Some adapters may require additional power connections; make sure to connect any necessary cables from the power supply.
- Close the Computer Case: Once everything is securely installed, replace the side panel of your case and ensure all screws are tightened.
- Reconnect Power and Boot Up: Plug your desktop back in, turn it on, and check the BIOS settings to ensure the system recognizes the new M.2 SSD.
Gather Necessary Tools: Before starting the installation, ensure you have a Phillips screwdriver, an anti-static wrist strap, and your M.2 SSD adapter ready. Having the right tools on hand will streamline the installation process and help avoid any potential damage to components.
Power Down and Unplug the Desktop: Always turn off your computer and unplug it from the power source to prevent any electrical damage or shocks during installation. This is a crucial safety step to protect both you and your hardware from electrical hazards.
Open the Computer Case: Remove the side panel of your desktop case, usually secured with screws, to access the motherboard and other components. Different cases may have different mechanisms for opening, so be careful to not damage any clips or hinges.
Locate the M.2 Slot: Identify the M.2 slot on your motherboard, which is often located near the CPU; consult the motherboard manual if necessary. Some motherboards may have multiple M.2 slots, so ensure you use the correct one based on your needs.
Install the M.2 SSD Adapter: Insert the M.2 SSD adapter into the M.2 slot at an angle and then push it down until it is flat against the motherboard; secure it with the provided mounting screw. Proper installation is critical to ensure a stable connection and optimal performance.
Connect Power Supply (if necessary): Some adapters may require additional power connections; make sure to connect any necessary cables from the power supply. Failing to connect power can prevent the SSD from functioning correctly.
Close the Computer Case: Once everything is securely installed, replace the side panel of your case and ensure all screws are tightened. This step is important to maintain airflow and protect internal components from dust and damage.
Reconnect Power and Boot Up: Plug your desktop back in, turn it on, and check the BIOS settings to ensure the system recognizes the new M.2 SSD. If the SSD is not detected, you may need to troubleshoot connections or settings in the BIOS.
What Common Issues Might Arise When Using M.2 SSD Adapters?
Common issues that might arise when using M.2 SSD adapters include:
- Compatibility Issues: Not all M.2 SSDs are compatible with every adapter, especially regarding the interface (SATA vs. NVMe). It is essential to check both the SSD specifications and the adapter’s capabilities to ensure that they can work together properly.
- Heat Management: M.2 SSDs can generate significant heat during operation, and if the adapter does not provide adequate heat dissipation, it can lead to thermal throttling. This can affect performance and longevity, so using adapters with built-in heatsinks or ensuring proper airflow is important.
- Data Transfer Speeds: The performance of the SSD can be limited by the adapter, particularly if it uses older standards or connections. Users should check the maximum data transfer speeds of both the SSD and the adapter to avoid bottlenecks that could hinder performance.
- Power Supply Issues: Some M.2 SSD adapters may require more power than what a standard USB port can provide, especially when using NVMe SSDs. This can lead to malfunctions or insufficient power for the SSD to operate effectively, necessitating an external power source in some cases.
- Driver and Software Conflicts: When installing an M.2 SSD on an adapter, there may be software or driver conflicts that can prevent the device from being recognized by the operating system. Ensuring that the latest drivers are installed and that the system is compatible with the adapter can mitigate these issues.
- Physical Space Limitations: M.2 SSD adapters can vary in size, and in some desktop setups, there may be physical limitations that prevent the installation of larger adapters. Users should ensure that their desktop has enough space and clearance for the adapter and SSD combination they intend to use.